-es in Middle Welsh

IPA: /-es/ Forms: -esseu [plural] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Brythonic *-es, from Latin -issa, whence also English -ess. Cognate with Cornish -es. Etymology templates: {{der|wlm|cel-bry-pro|*-es}} Proto-Brythonic *-es, {{der|wlm|la|-issa}} Latin -issa, {{cog|en|-ess}} English -ess, {{cog|kw|-es}} Cornish -es

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*-es"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-es",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-issa"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -issa",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ess"
      },
      "expansion": "English -ess",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "-es"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish -es",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-es, from Latin -issa, whence also English -ess. Cognate with Cornish -es.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-esseu",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 22 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "female suffix, -ess"
      ],
      "id": "en--es-wlm-suffix-3IDBM7GZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-es/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*-es"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-es",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-issa"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -issa",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ess"
      },
      "expansion": "English -ess",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "-es"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish -es",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-es, from Latin -issa, whence also English -ess. Cognate with Cornish -es.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-esseu",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle Welsh feminine suffixes",
        "Middle Welsh lemmas",
        "Middle Welsh suffixes",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Latin",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 22 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "female suffix, -ess"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-es/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (f69e205 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-es" meaning in Middle Welsh

Suffix